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Broadband Access Networks much higher bit rates are possible than with standard GSM. However, once again its purpose is primarily the transfer of nonreal-time data with no guarantees as to the delay. 8.6.2 3G Networks 3G technologies such as CDMA2000 and the UMTS are probably of much more interest to game players. CDMA2000 has been standardised in the United States by the Telecommunications Industry Authority and UMTS (sometimes W-CDMA) has been standardised by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). CDMA2000 has largely been derived from the earlier IS95 standard (often referred to as cdmaOne) while UMTS is derived from the GSM standard [DAHL1998]. Both UMTS and CDMA2000 support similar services including high-speed Internet access and QoS guarantees. Both can support asymmetric data rates. Broadband cellular networks are being standardised as part of the International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 Programme (IMT-2000) under the auspices of the ITU. Although terminology differs between standards, broadband cellular networks generally share a common architecture. The simplified architecture for UMTS is shown in Figure 8.5 [UMTS2005]. There are three high-level components in this architecture: the User Equipment (UE), the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) and the Core Network (CN). This high-level architecture is typical of cellular networks [SCHI2003]. In UMTS, the UE is a multimedia capable handset. Apart from voice calls, it supports multimedia calls and packet data. The UE is connected to the UTRAN via the radio interface. The UTRAN is concerned with maintaining connectivity to the UE and with seamless handover both within and between Radio Network Subsystems (RNSs). The CN is responsible for more complex forms of handover and for providing connectivity to other networks, including the Internet. Each of these systems has an internal structure. The UE is made up of the actual handset itself (the mobile equipment or ME) and a smart card containing user identity User equipment UTRAN Core network Node B RNC Node B MSC GGSNSGSN GMSC HLR VLR Internet PSTN Figure 8.5 UMTS cellular broadband network

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